Cystine-rich peptides such as conotoxins, defensins, cyclotides and members of the insulin-relaxin superfamily are highly ordered and often pharmacologically relevant. Replacement of the disulfide bonds in these molecules with stable mimetics such as lactam, diselenide, and thioether bridges can enhance their pharmacokinetic properties. Backbone (head-to-tail) cyclisations and non-native “staples” are alternative strategies to achieve this aim. Modpep can incorporate all these macrocyclic modifications into peptides plus more.
